A sculpture by Ruth Asawa, called Untitled (S.175, Hanging Single-Lobed, Four-Layer Continuous Form within a Form), dated c. 1992.

American artist, educator, and arts advocate 

 (1926-2013) is known for her extensive body of wire sculptures that challenge conventional notions of material and form through their emphasis on lightness and transparency. Born in rural California, Asawa first studied under professional artists while her family and other people of Japanese descent were detained at Santa Anita, California, in 1942. Following her release from an incarceration camp in Rohwer, Arkansas, sixteen months later, she enrolled in 1943 in Milwaukee State Teachers College. Unable to receive her degree due to continued hostility against Japanese Americans, Asawa left Milwaukee in 1946 to study at Black Mountain College in North Carolina, then known for its progressive pedagogical methods and avant-garde aesthetic environment. Asawa's time at Black Mountain proved formative in her development as an artist, and she was particularly influenced by her teachers Josef Albers, Buckminster Fuller, and the mathematician Max Dehn. She also met architectural student Albert Lanier, whom she would marry in 1949 and with whom she would raise a large family and build a career in San Francisco. Asawa continued to produce art steadily over the course of more than a half century, creating a cohesive body of sculptures and works on paper that, in their innovative use of material and form, deftly synthesizes a wide range of aesthetic preoccupations at the heart of postwar art in America.

Asawa’s work has been exhibited widely since the early 1950s, including early solo exhibitions at Peridot Gallery, New York in 1954, 1956, and 1958. In 1965, Walter Hopps organized a solo exhibition of the artist’s sculptures and drawings at the Pasadena Art Museum (now the Norton Simon Museum) in California, where Asawa completed a residency at the Tamarind Lithography Workshop the same year. Other solo presentations include those held at the San Francisco Museum of Art (1973); Fresno Art Museum, California (2001; traveled to Oakland Museum of California through 2002); de Young Museum, San Francisco (2006); Amon Carter Museum of American Art, Fort Worth, Texas (2012); and the Norton Simon Museum of Art, Pasadena, California (2014).

In 2018 to 2019, the Pulitzer Arts Foundation in St. Louis presented the major museum exhibition 

. An accompanying catalogue published by the Pulitzer Arts Foundation and Yale University Press includes essays by Aruna D’Souza, Helen Molesworth, and Tamara H. Schenkenberg. The two-person exhibition, 

was on view at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in 2021. In 2022, 

 was on view at Modern Art Oxford, England, and later traveled to the Stavanger Kunstmuseum, Norway. In September 2023, 

, a solo presentation of the artist’s work, opened at the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, and traveled to the Menil Drawing Institute, Houston, in 2024.

The first international institutional and posthumous survey of the artist’s work, 

, opened at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in the Spring of 2025, before traveling to The Museum of Modern Art, New York (2025–2026) and Guggenheim Bilbao, Spain (2026). The presentation is currently on view at the Fondation Beyeler in Riehen/Basel, Switzerland, through January 2027. The accompanying catalogue, edited by the retrospective's curators, Janet Bishop and Cara Manes, contains new scholarship on the artist.

The artist’s works have also been included in significant group exhibitions, including 

Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College 1933–1957

, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston (2015; traveled to Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, and Wexner Center for the Arts, Columbus, Ohio, through 2017); 

, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (2015); 

Revolution in the Making: Abstract Sculpture by Women, 1947–2016

Making Space: Women Artists and Postwar Abstraction

, The Museum of Modern Art, New York (2017); 

The Pencil Is a Key: Drawings by Incarcerated Artists

, The Drawing Center, New York (2019); and 

In a Cloud, in a Wall, in a Chair: Six Modernists in Mexico at Midcentury

, Art Institute of Chicago (2019). A selection of the artist's work was presented at the 59th Venice Biennale, 

In addition to her wire sculptures, Asawa is well known for her public commissions, particularly in San Francisco and the wider Bay Area. These include the much beloved 

fountain in Ghirardelli Square (1966-1968) and the 

 outside the Grand Hyatt Union Square (1970-1973), the latter of which includes hundreds of baker’s clay images molded by local schoolchildren, friends, and other artists cast in bronze.

Upon moving to San Francisco in 1949, Asawa, a firm believer in the radical potential of arts education from her time at Black Mountain College, devoted herself to expanding access to art-focused educational programs. She co-founded the Alvarado School Arts Workshop in 1968 and was instrumental in the creation of the first public arts high school in San Francisco in 1982, which was renamed the Ruth Asawa San Francisco School of the Arts in her honor in 2010. Additionally, Asawa served on the California Arts Council, the National Endowment for the Arts, and was a trustee of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. Asawa was awarded a 2022 National Medal of Arts by President Joe Biden in 2024, only the second visual artist to receive this high honor posthumously.

The Estate of Ruth Asawa has been represented by David Zwirner since 2017. The gallery’s inaugural solo exhibition of the artist’s work took place the same year in New York, and was accompanied by an extensive publication that includes texts by Tiffany Bell and Robert Storr and features an illustrated chronology. In 2020, the gallery’s London location presented 

, which was the first major presentation of the artist’s work outside of the United States. In 2021, 

was on view at the gallery’s West 20th Street location in New York. The first solo exhibition of Asawa's work in Greater China, 

was presented at David Zwirner Hong Kong in 2024.

The artist’s work is represented in prominent museum collections, including Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas; de Young Museum, San Francisco; Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts; J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles; Los Angeles County Museum of Art; The Museum of Modern Art, New York; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; San Jose Museum of Art, California; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York; and the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York. Asawa has been the recipient of numerous prestigious awards.

Ruth Asawa with hanging wire sculpture, 1951. Photo © Imogen Cunningham Trust

 (1888–1976) was one of the most influential abstract painters and art teachers of the twentieth century. Albers's artistic career, which bridged European and American modernism, consisted mainly of a tightly focused investigation into the perceptual properties of color and spatial relationships. Working with simple geometric forms, Albers sought to produce the effects of chromatic interaction, in which the visual perception of a color is affected by the hues adjacent to it. Albers’s precise application of color also created plays of space and depth, as the planar colored shapes that make up most of his works appear to either recede into or protrude out of the picture plane.

Albers was born in Bottrop, Germany, and studied briefly at the Königliche Bayerische Akademie der Bildenden Kunst, Munich, in 1919, before becoming a student at the Weimar Bauhaus in 1920. In 1922, Albers joined the school’s faculty, first working in stained glass and, starting in 1923, teaching design. In 1933, he and Anni Albers emigrated to North Carolina, where they founded the art department at Black Mountain College. During their time at Black Mountain, Albers began to show his work extensively within the United States, including solo exhibitions at the Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, Massachusetts (1935); J.B. Neumann’s New Art Circle, New York (1936, 1938); The Germanic Museum at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1936); Katharine Kuh Gallery, Chicago (1937); San Francisco Museum of Art (1940); and the Nierendorf Gallery, New York (1941). The Alberses remained at Black Mountain until 1949 and, in 1950, moved to New Haven, Connecticut, where Josef Albers was invited to direct a newly formed department of design at the Yale University School of Art. In 1950, too, he developed what would become his seminal 

series, which he continued to elaborate until his death in 1976. This body of work was featured in a major exhibition organized by The Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 1964 that traveled to twenty-two venues in the United States and Latin America. Albers retired from teaching in 1958, a few years prior to the publication of his important text 

(1963), which was reissued in two volumes in 2013. Following numerous gallery and museum exhibitions, as well as his participation in Documenta I (1955) and Documenta 4 (1968), Albers became the first living artist to be the subject of a solo exhibition at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, with his career-spanning retrospective there in 1971.

Painting on Paper: Josef Albers in America

, which originated at the Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich (2010; traveled to Josef Albers Museum, Quadrat, Bottrop, Germany; Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebæk, Denmark; Kunstmuseum Basel; Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris; Centro de Arte Moderna, Gulbenkian Museum, Lisbon; and the Morgan Library and Museum, New York); 

Josef Albers: Minimal Means, Maximum Effect

 at the Fundación Juan March, Madrid (2014; traveled to Henie Onstad Art Centre, Høvikodden, Norway); and 

A Beautiful Confluence: Anni and Josef Albers and the Latin American World 

at Mudec, Museo delle Culture, Milan (2015–2016). From 2016 to 2017, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, presented 

One and One Is Four: The Bauhaus Photocollages of Josef Albers

was presented at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, and traveled to the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice, in 2018. 

was on view at the Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris in 2021 and subsequently traveled to IVAM (Instituto Valenciano de Arte Moderno), Valencia, Spain, in 2022. At the Josef Albers Museum in Bottrop, Germany, 

 was on view from 2022 to 2023. The artist’s first retrospective exhibition in Japan, 

, was on view at the Kawamura Memorial DIC Museum of Art, Sakura, Japan, in 2023.

In 2016, David Zwirner announced the exclusive representation of The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation. The same year, 

Josef Albers: Grey Steps, Grey Scales, Grey Ladders

 was presented at the gallery’s New York location. The artist has since been the subject of numerous solo exhibitions at David Zwirner, including 

 was presented at the gallery’s Paris location in early 2026. An iteration of the presentation is currently on view at David Zwirner Los Angeles. Work by the artist has also been featured in several group and two-person exhibitions presented by the gallery, including 

Black Mountain College: The Experimenters 

Affinities: Anni Albers, Josef Albers, Paul Klee

Work by Albers is held in important public and private collections worldwide.

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Works from the Collection of Buckminster Fuller

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Intuition: Works by Josef Albers and Ruth Asawa from the collection of Buckminster Fuller

David Zwirner is an art gallery with locations in New York, Los Angeles, London, Paris and Hong Kong. We present physical and online exhibitions, podcasts, books, and more.